This result is usually evidenced by the MRI study on small animals under the applied high field (over 7 T) ( Nakada, 2007 Werner et al., 2008 Faucher et al., 2012 Ni et al., 2016). It is well-acknowledged that spatial resolution can be promoted by high magnetic field over 3 T, demonstrating a high signal-to-noise ratio ( Vaughan et al., 2009 Rosenberg et al., 2010 Zhou et al., 2015b Ni et al., 2016 Zhang et al., 2016). Finally, prospects and challenges are summarized.Īs one of the most attractive and useful techniques for non-invasive imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows its great superiority in the practical application of clinic diagnosis, as well as the biomedical research ( Zhao et al., 2001, 2013, 2015 Werner et al., 2008 Kim et al., 2009 Lee et al., 2012 Bao et al., 2018 Pellico et al., 2019 Liu et al., 2020). To fasten the process of developing better contrast agents, deep learning of artificial intelligent (AI) can be well-integrated into optimizing the crucial parameters of nanoparticle contrast agents and achieving high resolution MRI prior to the clinical applications. Moreover, multimodal molecular imaging with MRI for better monitoring is discussed during biological process. This review firstly presents the recent advances of nanoparticle contrast agents for MRI. It is anticipated that high field MRI contrast agents can achieve high performance in MRI imaging, where parameters of chemical composition, molecular structure and size of varied contrast agents show contrasted influence in each specific diagnostic test. To meet the incredible demand of MRI, ultra-high-field T 2 MRI is gradually attracting the attention of research and medical needs owing to its high resolution and high accuracy for detection. MRI contrast agents are generally comprising of T 1-weighted and T 2-weighted contrast agent types, where T 1-weighted contrast agents show positive contrast enhancement with brighter images by decreasing the proton's longitudinal relaxation times and T 2-weighted contrast agents show negative contrast enhancement with darker images by decreasing the proton's transverse relaxation times. The ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nowadays has been receiving enormous attention in both biomaterial research and clinical diagnosis. 2Research Center in Intelligent Thermal Structures for Aerospace, Central South University, Changsha, China.1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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